Jaguar · 1986–1994

Jaguar XJ (XJ40)

The Jaguar XJ (XJ40) is a full-size luxury saloon manufactured by Jaguar Cars between 1986 and 1994. It was officially unveiled on 8 October 1986 as an all-new, second generation of the XJ to replace the Series III, although the two model ranges were sold concurrently until the Series III was discontinued in 1992. The XJ40 used the Jaguar independent rear suspension arrangement, and featured a number of technological enhancements, such as electronic instrument cluster. It was the last car to be developed independently by Jaguar (prior to its takeover by Ford), and also the last to have been developed largely within the lifetime of the company's founder Sir William Lyons, who died shortly before its release. The 1993 XJ6 earned the title of "Safest Car in Britain" as the result of a government survey. The original 1986 car gave way to the heavily revised Jaguar XJ (X300) in 1994, followed by the Jaguar XJ (X308) in 1997. The XJ40 and its later derivatives is to date the second longest running XJ platform, with a total production run of 17 years. After the XJ40, Jaguar's intention was to launch a brand new saloon with a new V8 engine. Ford halted development of the saloon, termed XJ90, and proposed to install its new engine and front and rear ends onto the centre section of the XJ40 model; however, the V8 was not ready.

Text from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Successor: Jaguar XJ (X300)

All Jaguar XJ data: UK builds, safety, recalls, model years → + Compare

Development

Throughout the 1970s, Jaguar had been developing Project XJ40, which was an all-new model intended to replace the original XJ6. Scale models were being built as early as 1972. Due to the 1973 oil crisis and problems at parent company British Leyland, the car was continually delayed. Proposals from both Jaguar's in-house designers and Pininfarina were received. Eventually, it was decided an internal design would be carried through to production. In February 1981, the British Leyland board approved £80 million to produce the new car. Launch was originally scheduled for 1984. Following Jaguar's de-merger from BL and privatization that same year, the company's CEO John Egan took advantage of the resurgence in sales of the existing Series III XJ6, particularly in the lucrative North American market, to delay the XJ40's launch a further two years to allow for more development time. The XJ40 was at the time the most extensively tested vehicle the company had ever developed. Designs for the XJ40 pioneered significant improvements to how Jaguar cars were designed, built, and assembled. Among these improvements was a 25% reduction in the number of bodywork panels required per car (e.g. three pressings needed for a Series 3 door compared with one for a XJ40 door), resulting in not only a more efficient assembly process but also a weight saving and a stiffer structure. Despite this, early production XJ40s still suffered from reliability problems, particularly with the electrical systems and build quality. This damaged its reputation, and continued Jaguar's poor reputation for quality, despite the extensive testing of the car and the engineering efforts to improve quality. The protracted development time meant the car dated much quicker than its rivals, and it was quickly supersede

Mechanicals

Initially, only two engines were offered across the XJ40 models: a 2.9 L and a 3.6 L version of the Jaguar AJ6 inline-six engine. In 1990, the 3.6 L was replaced by a 4.0 L model, and in 1991 the 2.9 L was replaced by a 3.2 L model. During the development of the XJ40, British Leyland had considered providing the Rover V8 engine for the car, which would have eliminated the need for future Jaguar engine production. The XJ40 bodyshell was allegedly engineered to prevent fitting V-configuration engines, in particular the Rover V8, which British Leyland management had desired; this delayed the introduction of the V12-powered XJ12 until 1993 as the front structure of the XJ40 had to be extensively redesigned. As a consequence, the preceding Series III XJ was kept in production in V12 form to cater for this market need until 1992. The automatic gearbox used in the 2.9 L, 3.2 L, and 3.6 L six-cylinder cars was the four-speed ZF 4HP22. On the 4.0 L, the four-speed ZF 4HP24 was used. A stronger automatic gearbox was required for the V12 engine-equipped cars, and the four-speed GM 4L80-E was selected. The manual gearbox fitted to early cars was the five-speed Getrag 265, while later cars received the Getrag 290. The automatic transmission selector was redesigned to allow the manual selection of forward gears without accidentally selecting neutral or reverse. This new feature was dubbed the J-Gate and remained a staple of all Jaguar models up until the 2008 Jaguar XF, when shift by wire technology rendered it redundant; all subsequent Jaguar models now use a rotary knob for transmission mode selection.

Exterior

The curvaceous lines of the outgoing Series XJ were replaced by the more angular, geometric shape of the XJ40. For the first production run, all headlamps fitted were a set of two round lamps inside a chrome housing with painted bezels or a set of form-fitting composite rectangular headlamps with power-wash sprayers. The lower trim level had painted bezels without chrome. The latter were fitted to the higher trim levels: Sovereign and Daimler. The United States safety regulations allowed the form-fitting composite headlamps in 1983 for the model year 1984 onward. The lengthy lead time for American type approval did not give Jaguar the opportunity to change at the last minute to the popular composite rectangular headlamps in time for the launch in the United States. During the 1990 model year refresh, the United States-specified XJ40 received the composite rectangular headlamps for entire trim levels. The European headlamps have single reflector for low and high beams behind the flatter glass lens. The United States headlamps have two separate reflectors for low and high beams behind the slightly bulbous plastic lens. After the refresh the door handles were altered to a design with a slightly larger handle pull, as well as Tibbe 8 disc locks being fitted, unlike the Ford 6 disc type. The bumper is a visually distinct black-rubber-covered bar that runs the full width of the car, and incorporates the sidelights and indicator lights. The bonnet is hinged at the front. Window frames are either chromed or black, depending on model. Rain gutters, door mirrors, and door handles are also finished in chrome. All XJ40s have a chrome surround for the windshield and a single wide-sweeping wiper. Early low-specification cars were fitted with metric-sized steel wheels and plastic whee

Interior

The interior of the XJ40 was trimmed with either walnut or rosewood, and either cloth or leather upholstery depending on model. Until 1990, cars were fitted with an instrument binnacle that used digital readouts for the ancillary gauges, but still featured an analogue tachometer and speedometer. Instrumentation included a vacuum fluorescent display named the Vehicle Condition Monitor (VCM), which contained a 32x32 dot-matrix screen capable of 34 functions. The VCM was able to alert the driver of bulb failure, brake pad wear, unlatched doors/boot, and low coolant level. The binnacle was notoriously unreliable - in particular gaining a reputation for erroneous bulb failure warnings - and from 1990 on the binnacle was redesigned to use analogue gauges. Early cars used a two-spoke steering wheel that was later changed for a four-spoke airbag-equipped wheel. The glovebox was removed on later cars because of the space occupied when the passenger-side airbag was introduced. Starting in 1989, US models were fitted with automatic three point seatbelts due to new legislation. These were later replaced with traditional three point seatbelts from 1993 onwards.

Models

=== XJ6 (1986–1994) === The base XJ6 of the model range was modestly equipped; extra-cost options included alloy wheels, anti-lock brakes, air conditioning, leather upholstery, and an automatic transmission. The exterior featured two pairs of circular headlamps and black powder-coated window frames. Sovereign (1986–1994). The Sovereign model came equipped with significantly more features than the base XJ6. Included was air conditioning, headlamp washers, a six-speaker sound system, rear self-levelling suspension (SLS), anti-lock braking system, and inlaid burl walnut wood trim (pre-MY1991). The headlamps fitted were the rectangular single units. The window frames were made from stainless steel. Sport (1993–1994). Late in the XJ40 run 3.2S and 4.0S in 1993–1994, Jaguar introduced the Sport model. It was available only with the six-cylinder engine and featured rosewood interior trim, as opposed to the walnut trim of other models. Both the door mirrors and radiator grille vanes were colour-keyed to the body, which was decorated with twin coachlines. Wider-profile tires were fitted, mounted on five-spoke alloy wheels. Majestic (1989–1992 – SWB; 1993–1994 – LWB). A rare long-wheelbase model named the Majestic was produced in 1993 and 1994. These vehicles started life as a SWB body that was then taken away from the standard production line and stretched by Project Aerospace in Coventry, before being returned to Castle Bromwich plant for paint before being finally assembled on the production line at Browns Lane under the direction of Jaguar Special Vehicle Operations. This meant the Majestic carried a significant price premium over the standard models. It was offered to all markets except the United States and Canada. This car should not be confused with cars that were stretch

Special uses

The car was used by two British prime ministers in the early 1990s, namely John Major and Tony Blair. Dating back to the Jaguar XJ (Series III) that was used by Margaret Thatcher, successive versions of the XJ were used as the prime ministerial car by Blair, Gordon Brown, David Cameron, Theresa May, and Boris Johnson.

Sections adapted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); text is shortened. Read the full article for the complete history and citations.

Specifications

sp

uk

name

Jaguar XJ (XJ40)

aka

Jaguar Sovereign, Daimler

Manufacturer

Jaguar Cars

Production

October 1986 – October 1994

Predecessor

Jaguar XJ (Series III)

Successor

Jaguar XJ (X300)

Class

Full-size luxury car (F)

Assembly

United Kingdom: Coventry, England

Body style

4-door saloon

Layout

Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive

Wheelbase

113 in, Majestic: 118 in

Length

196.4 in, Majestic: 201.4 in

Width

70.9 in

Height

54.25 in

Transmission

4-speed ZF 4HP22 automatic, 4-speed ZF 4HP24 automatic, 4-speed GM 4L80-E automatic, 5-speed Getrag 265 / 290 manual

Engine

2.9 L AJ6 I6, 3.2 L AJ6 I6, 3.6 L AJ6 I6, 4.0 L AJ6 I6, 6.0 L Jaguar V12

Kerb weight

3792-3902 lb

Designer

George Thomson and Roger Zrimec under Doug Thorpe (1978)

Specification summary from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0). Measured facts from Wikidata (CC0). Check the linked sources for citations.

More photos

US EPA fuel-economy records

US EPA test figures (US MPG, US test cycle).

Sources

• Wikidata — https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712946CC0 1.0 · retrieved 2026-10-01
• Wikipedia — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_XJ_(XJ40)CC BY-SA 4.0 · Text © Wikipedia contributors; revision 1375299162 · retrieved 2026-10-01
• Wikimedia Commons — https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jaguar_XJ6_--_06-09-2011.jpgPublic domain · Photo: IFCAR · retrieved 2026-10-01
• Car Model Index — https://models.autoculturesociety.com/Compiled record. Sources that do not permit reuse are not copied; this index is credited instead.

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